Science has been a driving force behind human civilisation. From the earliest periods, the craft products, agriculture, transportation, and military equipment required methodologies of production. The experience led to increasingly refined methods of manufacturing. At a point that coincided with the emergence of the great early civilisations of the Fertile Crescent, Egypt, India, and China, to mention only the dominant centres, it became an indispensable force.
The course cannot cover all these developments. Still, it attempts to engage with the character of the development of the sciences in the Mediterranean realm, beginning with the emergence of abstract sciences in the Hellenistic period and then with the Medieval achievements (encompassing both the Latin West, Byzantium, and the Islamic realms).
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